This resolution can be made in several ways, including forming new social groups with similar goals and devising means to attain those goals. Social groups may try out new means of achieving their goals to resolve the tension caused by cultural goals and societal norms. Innovation refers to the development of new means of achieving culturally prescribed goals. It refers to the conflict when a person is aware that he cannot achieve his cultural goals and societal norms. AmbivalenceĪmbivalence is the realization that cultural goals are unattainable. However, in a heterogeneous society, drinking is considered an anti-norm and deviant behavior. For example, in a homogeneous society, drinking is considered normal and normative. It is a culturally defined set of goals, which deviates from the general societal norm. The term was coined by Weber and was used to describe the cultural goals present in any society. Mertonian Antinorm refers to a set of cultural goals that deviate from society’s “desired” norms. The theory focuses on anomie as a factor of social control and its role in shaping social values and norms. It was used conceptually to explain deviance, crime, and juvenile delinquency. The Mertonian norm is a set of values and goals widely shared by members of the society in question. It refers to the conflict arising when there is a discrepancy between cultural goals and means to achieve them, and other social control mechanisms fail to resolve this. It results in a pervasive sense of demoralization and normlessness which affects the general public, causing them to lose their respect for social institutions. Anomie is the breakdown of social norms and values. It involves a conflict between culturally prescribed goals and the institutionalized means of achieving them.
Merton offered four definitions in his works on strain theory, which can be summarized as follows: Anomie
Merton’s classic definition: “Strain theory has been defined as an approach to deviance which regards deviance as a product of the insufficient adaptation of the social system to the moral expectations of its members.” The Strain Theory Overview Strain theory attempts to explain conflict or deviance via the four functions of deviance. It is an aspect of functionalism, which in itself is a constructivist theory. Strain theory was proposed by Robert Merton, an American sociologist who is also well-known for his works on the functionalist theory. Other Theories Derived from Merton's Theory.Data is recorded live and can be played back in PASCO Capstone software. The hand-cranked Materials Testing Machine allows students to feel the different forces required to break different samples. Strain graph to determine the Modulus of Toughness for the material. Find the maximum strain just before it breaks to determine the Ductility of the material.Find the maximum stress on the graph to determine the Tensile Strength.Position graph to see where the linear part of the curve ends.
Estimate the Yield Strength by examining the Force vs.Strain graph to find Young’s Modulus for the material. Measure the slope in the linear portion of the Stress vs.These properties are the same ones found in materials handbooks and databases and are used by engineers to design bridges, buildings, and machines. The properties measured for these samples include Young’s Modulus, Yield Strength, Tensile Strength, Ductility, and Modulus of Toughness. The three metal tensile samples are made from 1018 Steel, 360 Brass and 2024-T3 Aluminum.
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